4.6 References & Attributions

References

Abrams, M. A., Kurtz-Rossi, S., Riffenburgh, A., & Savage, B. A. (2014). Building health literate organizations: A guidebook to achieving organizational change. Journal of Research and Practice for Adult Literacy, Secondary, and Basic Education, 4(3), 69–80. https://coabe.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/COABEJournalWinter2015.pdf#page=71

Administration for Children & Families. (2018). Module 5: The PDSA Cycle step by step. Continuous Quality Improvement Toolkit. A Resource for Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program Awardees. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/opre/report/continuous-quality-improvement-toolkit-resource-maternal-infant-and-early-childhood-4

Adsul, P., Wray, R., Gautam, K., Jupka, K., Weaver, N., & Wilson, K. (2017). Becoming a health literate organization: Formative research results from healthcare organizations providing care for undeserved communities. Health Services Management Research, 30(4), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951484817727130

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2020a). Special emphasis notice (SEN): AHRQ announces interest in research on improving organizational health literacy to prevent and manage chronic disease. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-HS-20-009.html

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2020b). Understanding quality measurement. https://www.ahrq.gov/patient-safety/quality-resources/tools/chtoolbx/understand/index.html

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2020c). Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) directions and examples. Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit, 2nd Edition. https://www.ahrq.gov/health-literacy/improve/precautions/tool2b.html

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2024). AHRQ strategic plan for health system transformation to optimize health, functional status, and well-being among older adults (Publication No. 24-0076). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.ahrq.gov/priority-populations/publications/aging-well.html

Ahmed, S. (2019). Integrating DMAIC approach of Lean Six Sigma and theory of constraints toward quality improvement in healthcare. Reviews on Environmental Health, 34(4), 427-434. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2019-0003

Alavi, R., & Jain, S. (2024). The Quintuple Aims. https://www.quintupleaim.com/blog/the-quintuple-aims

American College of Physicians. (1999). No health insurance? It’s enough to make you sick — scientific research linking the lack of health coverage to poor health. American Society of Internal Medicine. https://assets.acponline.org/acp_policy/policies/no_health_insurance_scientific_research_linking_lack_of_health_coverage_to_poor_health_1999.pdf

American Hospital Association. (2023). What is population health management? https://www.aha.org/center/population-health-management

American Nurses Association. (n.d.). ANCC Magnet Recognition Program. https://www.nursingworld.org/organizational-programs/magnet/

American Society for Quality. (n.d.-a). DMAIC process: Define, measure, analyze, improve, control. https://asq.org/quality-resources/dmaic

American Society for Quality. (n.d.-b). What is Lean? Lean manufacturing and Lean enterprise. https://asq.org/quality-resources/lean

American Society for Quality. (2023a). What is Six Sigma? https://asq.org/quality-resources/six-sigma

American Society for Quality. (2023b). What is value-stream mapping (VSM)? https://asq.org/quality-resources/lean/value-stream-mapping

Avila, R. M., & Bramlett, M. D. (2013). Language and immigrant status effects on disparities in Hispanic children’s health status and access to health care. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(3), 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-0988-9

Ayanian, J. Z., Weissman, J. S., Schneider, E. C., Ginsburg, J. A., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2000). Unmet health needs of uninsured adults in the United States. JAMA, 284(16), 2061–2069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.16.2061

Baicker, K., Taubman, S. L., Allen, H. L., Bernstein, M., Gruber, J. H., Newhouse, J. P., Schneider, E. C., Wright, B. J., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Finkelstein, A. N. (2013). The Oregon experiment — effects of Medicaid on clinical outcomes. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(18), 1713–1722. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmsa1212321

Berkman, N. D., Sheridan, S. L., Donahue, K. E., Halpern, D. J., & Crotty, K. (2011). Low health literacy and health outcomes: An updated systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155(2), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005

Berwick, D. M., Nolan, T. W., & Whittington, J. (2008). The Triple Aim: Care, health, and cost. Health Affairs, 27(3), 759-769. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.759

Blewett, L. A., Johnson, P. J., Lee, B., & Scal, P. B. (2008). When a usual source of care and usual provider matter: Adult prevention and screening services. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(9), 1354–1360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0659-0

Bodenheimer, T., & Pham, H. H. (2010). Primary care: Current problems and proposed solutions. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 29(5), 799–805. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0026

Bodenheimer, T., & Sinsky, C. (2014). From Triple to Quadruple Aim: Care of the patient requires care of the provider. The Annals of Family Medicine, 12(6), 573–576. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1713

Brach, C. (2017). The journey to become a health literate organization: A snapshot of health system improvement. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 240, 203. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666686/

Brach, C., Keller, D., Hernandez, L. M., Baur, C., Parker, R., Dreyer, B., Schyve, P., Lemerise, A. J., & Schillinger, D. (2012). Ten attributes of health literate health care organizations. NAM Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.31478/201206a

Brega, A. G., Barnard, J., Mabachi, N. M., Weiss, B. D., DeWalt, D. A., Brach, C., Cifuentes, M., Albright, K., & West, D. R. (2015). AHRQ health literacy universal precautions toolkit (2nd ed.). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. https://www.ahrq.gov/health-literacy/improve/precautions/toolkit.html

Brega, A. G., Hamer, M. K., Albright, K., Brach, C., Saliba, D., Abbey, D., & Gritz, R. M. (2019). Organizational health literacy: Quality improvement measures with expert consensus. HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice, 3(2), e127–e146. https://doi.org/10.3928/24748307-20190503-01

Brown, E. R., Ojeda, V. D., Wyn, R., & Levan, R. (2000). Racial and ethnic disparities in access to health insurance and health care. https://www.kff.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/racial-and-ethnic-disparities-in-access-to-health-insurance-and-health-care-report.pdf

Buchmueller, T. C., Grumbach, K., Kronick, R., & Kahn, J. G. (2005). Book review: The effect of health insurance on medical care utilization and implications for insurance expansion: A review of the literature. Medical Care Research and Review, 62(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558704271718

Bunch, L. N., & Ketema, H. (2025). Health insurance coverage in the United States: 2024 (P60-288). U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2025/demo/p60-288.html

Bush, M. (2018). Addressing the root cause: Rising health care costs and social determinants of health. North Carolina Medical Journal, 79(1), 26-29. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.79.1.26

Call, K. T., McAlpine, D. D., Garcia, C. M., Shippee, N., Beebe, T., Adeniyi, T. C., & Shippee, T. (2014). Barriers to care in an ethnically diverse publicly insured population: Is health care reform enough? Medical Care, 52(8), 720–727. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000000172

Carlson, L. M. (2020). Health is where we live, work and play—and in our ZIP codes: Tackling social determinants of health. The Nation’s Health, 50(1), 3. https://www.thenationshealth.org/content/50/1/3.1

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (n.d.). Expanded Home Health Value-Based Purchasing Model. https://www.cms.gov/priorities/innovation/innovation-models/expanded-home-health-value-based-purchasing-model

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2024). New lower drug prices under the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program: What you need to know [Infographic]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cms.gov/files/document/infographic-negotiated-prices-maximum-fair-prices.pdf

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2025). CMS quality reporting and value-based programs & initiatives. Measures Management System. https://mmshub.cms.gov/about-quality/quality-at-CMS/quality/programs

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2026a). Exchange coverage remains near record high as 23.1 million enroll in 2026, reflecting continued strength and stability. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/exchange-coverage-remains-near-record-high-23-1-million-enroll-2026-reflecting-continued-strength

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2026b). NHE fact sheet. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cms.gov/data-research/statistics-trends-and-reports/national-health-expenditure-data/nhe-fact-sheet

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2026c). Quality measures.  https://www.cms.gov/medicare/quality/measures

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2026d). The Skilled Nursing Facility Value-Based Purchasing (SNF VBP) Program. https://www.cms.gov/medicare/quality/nursing-home-improvement/value-based-purchasing

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2026e). Value-based programs. https://www.cms.gov/medicare/quality/value-based-programs

Clay, S. L., Woodson, M. J., Mazurek, K., & Antonio, B. (2021). Racial disparities and COVID-19: Exploring the relationship between race/ethnicity, personal factors, health access/affordability, and conditions associated with an increased severity of COVID-19. Race and Social Problems, 13(4), 279-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-021-09320-9

Congressional Research Service. (2021, June 9). Overview of the ACA Medicaid expansion (IF10399). Library of Congress. https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF10399

Dai, D. (2010). Black residential segregation, disparities in spatial access to health care facilities, and late-stage breast cancer diagnosis in metropolitan Detroit. Health & Place, 16(5), 1038–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.06.012

De Arellano, A. B. R. (2007). Patients without borders: The emergence of medical tourism. International Journal of Health Services, 37(1), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.2190/4857-468G-2325-47UU

Decker, S. L. (2012). In 2011, nearly one-third of physicians said they would not accept new Medicaid patients, but rising fees may help. Health Affairs, 31(8), 1673–1679. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0294

Douthit, N., Kiv, S., Dwolatzky, T., & Biswas, S. (2015). Exposing some important barriers to health care access in the rural USA. Public Health, 129(6), 611–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.001

Farmanova, E., Bonneville, L., & Bouchard, L. (2018). Organizational health literacy: Review of theories, frameworks, guides, and implementation issues. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 55, 0046958018757848. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958018757848

Friedberg, M. W., Hussey, P. S., & Schneider, E. C. (2010). Primary care: A critical review of the evidence on quality and costs of health care. Health Affairs, 29(5), 766–772. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0025

Gleason, R. P., & Kneipp, S. M. (2004). Employment-related constraints: Determinants of primary health care access? Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 5(2), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154404263265

Green, L. V., Savin, S., & Lu, Y. (2013). Primary care physician shortages could be eliminated through use of teams, nonphysicians, and electronic communication. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 32(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1086

HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). Health insurance rights & protections. U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. https://www.healthcare.gov/health-care-law-protections/rights-and-protections/

Herman, P. M., Rissi, J. J., & Walsh, M. E. (2011). Health insurance status, medical debt, and their impact on access to care in Arizona. American Journal of Public Health, 101(8), 1437–1443. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2010.300080

Institute of Medicine. (1993). Access to health care in America (M. Millman, Ed.). Committee on Monitoring Access to Personal Health Care Services. National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235882/

Institute of Medicine. (1996). Primary care: America’s health in a new era (M. S. Donaldson, K. D. Yordy, K. N. Lohr, & N. A. Vanselow, Eds.). Committee on the Future of Primary Care. National Academies Press. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25121221/

Institute of Medicine. (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health system. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/9728

Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10027

Institute of Medicine. (2003). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care (B. D. Smedley, A. Y. Stith, & A. R. Nelson, Eds.). Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK220358/

Institute of Medicine. (2009). America’s uninsured crisis: Consequences for health and health care. Committee on Health Insurance Status and Its Consequences. National Academies Press. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25009923/

Institute of Medicine. (2013). Organizational change to improve health literacy: Workshop summary. National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201914/

Isibel, D. (2020). Improving health literacy at the organizational level. Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice, 13(1), 79–83. https://doi.org/10.1891/2380-9418.jdnp-d-19-00028

Kaphingst, K. A., Weaver, N. L., Wray, R. J., Brown, M. L. R., Buskirk, T., & Kreuter, M. W. (2014). Effects of patient health literacy, patient engagement and a system-level health literacy attribute on patient-reported outcomes: A representative statewide survey. BMC Health Services Research, 14, 475. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-475

Kennedy v. Braidwood Management, Inc., 606 U.S. 748 (2025). https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24-316_869d.pdf

KFF. (2026). Status of state Medicaid expansion decisions. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions/

Kindig, D., & Stoddart, G. (2003). What is population health? American Journal of Public Health, 93(3), 380-383. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.3.380

Kissick, W. L. (1994). Medicine’s dilemmas: Infinite needs versus finite resources. Yale University Press. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300059656/medicines-dilemmas/

Koh, H. K., Brach, C., Harris, L. M., & Parchman, M. L. (2013). A proposed “health literate care model” would constitute a systems approach to improving patients’ engagement in care. Health Affairs, 32(2), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1205

Krahn, G. L., Hammond, L., & Turner, A. (2006). A cascade of disparities: Health and health care access for people with intellectual disabilities. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 12(1), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20098

Kripalani, S., Wallston, K., Cavanaugh, K. L., Osborn, C. Y., Mulvaney, S., McDougald Scott, A., & Rothmann, R. L. (2014). Measures to assess a health-literate organization. Vanderbilt Center for Effective Health Communication.  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268333875_MEASURES_TO_ASSESS_A_HEALTH-LITERATE_ORGANIZATION_Vanderbilt_Center_for_Effective_Health_Communication

Kutner, M., Greenburg, E., Jin, Y., & Paulsen, C. (2006). The health literacy of America’s adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NCES 2006-483). Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006483.pdf

Langley, G. J., Moen, R. D., Nolan, K. M., Nolan, T. W., Norman, C. L., & Provost, L. P. (2009). The improvement guide: A practical approach to enhancing organizational performance (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Lo, J., McGough, M., & Cox, C. (2026, July 28). How has ACA Marketplace enrollment changed across states in 2026? KFF. https://www.kff.org/affordable-care-act/how-has-aca-marketplace-enrollment-changed-across-states-in-2026/

Majerol, M., Newkirk, V., & Garfield, R. (2015). The uninsured: A primer. Kaiser Family Foundation Publication, 7451-10. https://files.kff.org/attachment/primer-the-uninsured-a-primer-key-facts-about-health-insurance-and-the-uninsured-in-the-era-of-health-reform

McWilliams, J. M., Zaslavsky, A. M., Meara, E., & Ayanian, J. Z. (2003). Impact of Medicare coverage on basic clinical services for previously uninsured adults. JAMA, 290(6), 757–764. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.6.757

Mudumala, A., & Tolbert, J. (2026). Medicaid work requirements: Federal outreach requirements and state plans. KFF. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/medicaid-work-requirements-federal-outreach-requirements-and-state-plans/

Myerson, R., & Laiteerapong, N. (2016). The Affordable Care Act and diabetes diagnosis and care: Exploring the potential impacts. Current Diabetes Reports, 16(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0712-z

National Association of Community Health Centers and the Robert Graham Center. (2007). Access denied: A look at America’s medically disenfranchised. https://www.graham-center.org/content/dam/rgc/documents/publications-reports/monographs-books/Access%20Denied.pdf

National Health Service Corps. (2021). Mission, work, and impact. HRSA. https://nhsc.hrsa.gov/about-us

Nguyen, D., & Reardon, L. J. (2013). The role of race and English proficiency on the health of older immigrants. Social Work in Health Care, 52(6), 599–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2013.772554

Nundy, S., Cooper, L. A., & Mate, K. S. (2022). The Quintuple Aim for health care improvement: A new imperative to advance health equity. JAMA, 327(6), 521–522. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.25181

O’Malley, A. S., Samuel, D., Bond, A. M., & Carrier, E. (2012). After-hours care and its coordination with primary care in the U.S. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(11), 1406–1415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2087-4

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.-a). Healthy People 2030 framework. https://health.gov/healthypeople/about/healthy-people-2030-framework

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.-b). Social determinants of health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2026, May 29). History of Healthy People. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://odphp.health.gov/our-work/national-health-initiatives/healthy-people/about-healthy-people/history-healthy-people

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2025). Health at a glance 2025: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/8f9e3f98-en

Pleasant, A., Rudd, R. E., O’Leary, C., Paasche-Orlow, M. K., Allen, M. P., Alvarado-Little, W., Myers, L., Parson, K., & Rosen, S. (2016). Considerations for a new definition of health literacy. NAM Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.31478/201604a

Pryor, C., & Gurewich, D. (2004). Getting care but paying the price: How medical debt leaves many in Massachusetts facing tough choices. https://www.bluecrossmafoundation.org/sites/g/files/csphws2101/files/2020-09/040200GettingCareButPayingThePricePryor.pdf

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). What is the population health approach? https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/population-health/population-health-approach.html

Purdue University. (2022). Lean healthcare case studies. https://health.tap.purdue.edu/services/process-improvement-for-healthcare/lean-healthcare-case-studies/

Rakshit, S., Winger, A., Cotter, L., McGough, M., Wager, E., & Cox, C. (2026). How has U.S. spending on healthcare changed over time? Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker. https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/u-s-spending-healthcare-changed-time/

Rieselbach, R. E., Crouse, B. J., & Frohna, J. G. (2010). Teaching primary care in community health centers: Addressing the workforce crisis for the underserved. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152(2), 118–122. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00186

Rural Health Information Hub. (2022). Telehealth use in rural healthcare. https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/telehealth

Schoen, C., Osborn, R., Doty, M. M., Squires, D., Peugh, J., & Applebaum, S. (2009). A survey of primary care physicians in 11 countries, 2009: Perspectives on care, costs, and experiences: Doctors say problems exist across all 11 countries, although some nations are doing a better job than others. Health Affairs, 28(Suppl 1), w1171–w1183. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.w1171

Shi, L. (2012). The impact of primary care: A focused review. Scientifica, 2012. https://doi.org/10.6064/2012/432892

Simon, K. (2013). What is Lean management? ISIXSIGMA. https://www.isixsigma.com/methodology/lean-methodology/what-is-lean-manufacturing/

Smith, S. D., & Newhouse, J. P. (2026). Health-care spending growth has slowed: Will the bend in the curve continue? American Journal of Health Economics, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1086/734328

Starfield, B., Shi, L., & Macinko, J. (2005). Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. Milbank Quarterly, 83(3), 457–502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x

Stevens, K. R. (2013). The impact of evidence-based practice in nursing and the next big ideas. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol18no02man04

Syed, S. T., Gerber, B. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2013). Traveling towards disease: Transportation barriers to health care access. Journal of Community Health, 38(5), 976–993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-013-9681-1

Tarlov, E., Zenk, S. N., Campbell, R. T., Warnecke, R. B., & Block, R. (2009). Characteristics of mammography facility locations and stage of breast cancer at diagnosis in Chicago. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 86(2),196–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-008-9320-9

Telesford, I., Cotter, L., Wager, E., & Cox, C. (2026, March 11). How does health spending in the U.S. compare to other countries? Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker. https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/health-spending-u-s-compare-countries/

The Joint Commission. (2026). National Performance Goals. https://www.jointcommission.org/en-us/standards/national-performance-goals

Tolbert, J., Drake, P., & Damico, A. (2022). Key facts about the uninsured population. Kaiser Family Foundation. https://www.kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population/

U.S. Census Bureau. (2018). The graying of America: More older adults than kids by 2035. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/stories/2018
/03/graying-america-aging-nation.jpg

U.S. Census Bureau. (2023). U.S. population projected to begin declining in second half of century. U.S. Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023/population-projections.html

U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Older adults outnumber children in 11 states and nearly half of U.S. counties. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2025/older-adults-outnumber-children.html

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-a). Access to health services. Healthy People 2030. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health/literature-summaries/access-health-services

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-b). Access to primary care. Healthy People 2030. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health/literature-summaries/access-primary-care

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-c). Health literacy. Healthy People 2030. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health/literature-summaries/health-literacy

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2003). Communicating health: Priorities and strategies for progress: Action plans to achieve the health communication objectives in Healthy People 2010. https://ia800502.us.archive.org/14/items/communicatinghea00unse/communicatinghea00unse.pdf

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). America’s health literacy: Why we need accessible health information. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/health-literacy/dhhs-2008-issue-brief.pdf

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). National action plan to improve health literacy. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/Health_Literacy_Action_Plan.pdf

Wang, F., McLafferty, S., Escamilla, V., & Luo, L. (2008). Late-stage breast cancer diagnosis and health care access in Illinois. Professional Geographer, 60(1), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330120701724087

Weaver, N. L., Wray, R. J., Zellin, S., Gautam, K., & Jupka, K. (2012). Advancing organizational health literacy in health care organizations serving high-needs populations: A case study. Journal of Health Communication, 17(sup3), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.714442

White, S., & Dillow, S. (2005). Key concepts and features of the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NCES 2006-471). National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/NAAL/PDF/2006471_1.PDF

Xu, K. T. (2002). Usual source of care in preventive service use: A regular doctor versus a regular site. Health Services Research, 37(6), 1509–1529. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.10524

Zuvekas, S. H., & Taliaferro, G. S. (2003). Pathways to access: Health insurance, the health care delivery system, and racial/ethnic disparities, 1996-1999. Health Affairs, 22(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.22.2.139


Attribution

Selected content from:

  1. “Introduction to the U.S. Healthcare System” by Thomas A. Clobes is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 by-nc-sa. Chapters 1, 5, 11, 12. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/educational_resources/nk322m064?locale=en
  2. “Economics – Theory Through Applications” by Saylor Academy is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 by-nc-sa. Chapter 16. https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Book%3A_Economics_-_Theory_Through_Applications/16%3A_A_Healthy_Economy/16.02%3A_Supply_and_Demand_in_Health-Care_Markets.
  3. Chapter 8.2 “Trends Related to Increased Health Care Costs” by Ernstmeyer & Christman (Eds.), found in the book “Nursing Management and Professional Concepts”  is licensed under CC BY 4.0  .
  4. Chapter 9.2 “Quality Care” by Ernstmeyer & Christman (Eds.), found in the book “Nursing Management and Professional Concepts”  is licensed under CC BY 4.0  .

Click here to move on to Chapter 5: Current Issues in Healthcare Policy.

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Exploring the U.S. Healthcare System Copyright © 2023 by Karen Valaitis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.